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What is Hemophilia?

Hemophilia is a rare, inherited bleeding disorder where the blood doesn’t clot properly due to the lack of certain clotting factors. This condition can lead to prolonged bleeding after injuries, surgeries, or even spontaneous bleeding inside the body, especially in the joints, muscles, and organs.

There are two main types of Hemophilia:

  • Hemophilia A: Caused by a deficiency in clotting factor VIII.
  • Hemophilia B: Caused by a deficiency in clotting factor IX.

Both types are genetic and primarily affect males, although females can be carriers and, in rare cases, also experience symptoms.

How Hemophilia Affects the Body

In individuals with Hemophilia, even minor injuries can result in extended bleeding because their blood cannot form a stable clot. This can lead to:

Internal bleeding

Particularly in the joints and muscles, causing pain, swelling, and long-term joint damage if untreated.

Uncontrolled bleeding

Following surgeries, dental work, or accidents.

Spontaneous bleeding

Occurring without any injury, especially in severe cases.

If left untreated, severe Hemophilia can cause life-threatening complications, especially when bleeding occurs in critical areas like the brain.

Symptoms of Hemophilia

The severity of symptoms depends on the level of clotting factors in the blood. Common signs include:

  • Frequent nosebleeds or excessive bleeding from cuts
  • Large, deep bruises from minor bumps or injuries
  • Joint pain and swelling from internal bleeding
  • Unexplained bleeding after vaccinations or medical procedures
  • Blood in urine or stool

In infants, signs may include excessive bleeding after circumcision, or unusual bruising during normal activities like crawling.

Diagnosis and Treatment

Hemophilia is typically diagnosed through blood tests that measure clotting factor levels. If you or a family member suspect Hemophilia due to a history of unusual bleeding, consult a healthcare provider for appropriate testing.

Treatment involves:

  • Replacement therapy: Regular infusions of the missing clotting factor (Factor VIII or IX) to prevent or control bleeding. With proper management, people with Hemophilia can lead full, healthy lives.

Living with Hemophilia

Although Hemophilia requires lifelong care, many patients manage the condition well with regular treatment and lifestyle adjustments. Patients should:

Avoid contact sport

or activities that can lead to injury.

Learn to manage bleeds

by recognizing early symptoms and seeking immediate treatment.

Maintain good dental hygiene

as dental procedures can pose bleeding risks.

Family members, caregivers, and schools should also be informed of the condition to provide appropriate care when needed.

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